The Inequalities of Income Investment Growth - 1234 Words

In â€Å"Economic Elites, Investments, and Income Inequality† from the academic journal, Social Forces, graduate Ph. D student from Ohio State University, Michael Nau presents throughout his study the rise of an additional factor that has evidently influenced the concentration of vast amounts of income among the elite class, income from investments. In this era, the common beliefs were that demography, labor market institutions, and technology were causing the inequality to rise and for the elites to produce this astounding amounts of income. Nau’s findings present how the debate over the incomes of the elites has to be expanded apart from the ‘working rich class’ to also include the income producing wealth. In addition, Nau presents how the†¦show more content†¦Research Methods: The Federal Reserve Board’s Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) was the study used on this article for its main analysis. This survey dates from the 1992 to 2010, and includes the information of household income, wealth holding, and other financial topics. In addition, the survey includes a subsample of the most affluent households, and groups them into different categories according to their wealth. However, the edge key that makes the SCF better than other surveys is the fact that it has more information when it comes to the different financial situations of the elites. As a result, the SCF is considered by many experts in the field of finance as one of the best sources on the wealth and investment behavior of the citizens in the United States. This SCF survey serves the purpose of being the main method used in this article to test the hypotheses presented by the author. For instance, to test the first hypothesis, â€Å"that income concentration at the top was driven by investment gains,† the SCF tracks the top one percent’s investment income. Moreover, to test the second hypothesis, which â€Å"top-income households increasingly took on the characteristics and behavior of investors,† the status indicators of a variety of investors had to be defined by measures such as if the household obtains ninety percent of his income from investment or if their financial assets wereShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Income Inequality on Economic Growth1341 Words   |  5 Pagessomebody wonders why did I choose the subject of inequality the previous lines are exactly the reason. The hypothesis I will try to prove further in my paper is that the striking gap between rich and poor population in the world cannot lead to e conomic growth. Furthermore, Human Capital is considered to be the main force that stimulates economic growth. But now that human capital is scarcer that machines, widespread education has become the secret to growth. However, education is hardly accessible toRead MoreAnalysis of a PHD Student ´s Research on Investment Inequality1312 Words   |  6 PagesSummary: In â€Å"Economic Elites, Investments, and Income Inequality† from the academic journal, Social Forces, graduate Ph. D student from Ohio State University, Michael Nau presents throughout his study the rise of an additional factor that has evidently influenced the concentration of vast amounts of income among the elite class, income from investments. In this era, the common belief is that demographics, labor market institutions, and technology are causing the inequality to rise and for the elitesRead MoreEconomic Development And Economic Growth915 Words   |  4 Pagescountries pun inequality in the policy agenda? High and sustainable economic growth is the main condition for the sustainability of economic development and increase prosperity. As the population increases each year, the consumption is also increasing. 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More directly it allows people to be able to contribute and engage in the economy as it provides the opportunity for employment, investmentRead More1. Does Gender Equality Contribute to Economic Growth? There is a long established tradition of800 Words   |  4 Pages1. Does Gender Equality Contribute to Economic Growth? There is a long established tradition of estimating growth models within the economics discipline. Early models took labor as a ‘given’ factor of production, exogenously determined by rates of population growth. There was very little coverage for exploring the human, leave alone the gender, dimensions of growth in these models (Walters, 1995). This changed with the rise of endogenous growth theory and the bigger reputation given to the accumulationRead MoreEconomic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia785 Words   |  4 Pagessocial costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. 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Windows to Our Subconscious Mind free essay sample

Some dictionaries say, â€Å"A series of thoughts, images, and emotions that occur during sleep† (Webster’s). Other references say dreams are â€Å"a communication of body, mind, and spirit in a symbolic communicative environmental state of being† (Lukeman 61). Dreams have both a metaphysical and physical existence. The metaphysical aspect is the imagery in a dream and its relation to the subconscious. The physical aspect is the chemical reactions that occur within the brain during dreams. There are many commonly asked questions about dreams. Some can be answered scientifically, but the majority cannot. You might unsuccessfully try to scientifically answer questions like: What are our dreams trying to tell us? Why are dreams so strange with frequent shifts of scene? â€Å"When we sleep we do more than just rest our weary bones; we tap into our subconscious mind† (Ullman and Zimmerman). Many people simply look at dreams at a literal level. They view dreaming as just another one of those peculiar, uncontrollable happenings within our brain. They view dreaming as just another one of those peculiar, uncontrollable happenings within our brain. However, this is not the case. The fact is everybody dreams, whether they remember their dreams or not. These dreams, which are very difficult to influence or manipulate, are the language of our subconscious mind. There are many ways to look at dreams as well as interpret them. For centuries, philosophers and scientists have tried to understand how dreaming and the unconscious works and the undeniable connection between the two. Dreams are an important part of people’s lives and culture around the world. In this symposium, I will elucidate the importance of dreams in one’s life, discuss the scientific perspective on dreams, and use the studies and viewpoints of the well-known dream philosopher Sigmund Freud to exemplify the psychoanalytical view on dreaming. Since the time of the Babylonians, scholars have studied with curiosity the meaning of dreams and their symbols using the cultural beliefs of their age. Some of the earliest examples of dream interpretation are in the Bible itself. In Genesis (37-41), Joseph interpreted dreams of two persons; a cupbearer and a baker. In fact, this interpretation by Joseph had a tremendous impact not only on Egypt but also on the future of dream interpretation. In later centuries, well-known philosophers Hippocrates and Aristotle studied dreams and believed that dreams were connected to future illnesses. The Egyptians and Greeks believed dreams were messages from God. It was not until the mid-nineteenth century that the famous philosophers Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung came up with their own explanations and theories. I will go into great depth on their theories later in this symposium, as these men, with out a doubt, sparked an evolution in the study of dreams and are still regarded as the fathers of modern dream interpretation. Dreaming is a form of mental activity that occurs during sleep. Most people spend in total about 25 years of their life sleeping and of that about 6 years are spent dreaming in the REM stage. With few exceptions, all mammals go through the same sleep cycle. Each sleep cycle lasts for about an hour or two and repeats itself on average four to five times per night. Within each cycle are four stages. Dreams can occur in any of these stages but usually the more vivid dreams occur in the last stage also known as REM sleep, which is reached about 90-100 minutes after the onset of sleep. The stages repeat themselves throughout a night. The REM stage is reached 5-7 times per night, depending on the length of sleep. REM stands for rapid eye movement and is so named because during this stage, the eyes move quickly under the eyelid. This eye movement is the result of unconscious thought of the dreaming person who is viewing the images like a scene passing before his eyes. Dreams occur in the REM stage, which also happens to be the lightest stage of sleep because this is the only stage that the conscious mind can interpret the imagery of the subconscious. In deeper sleep stages, the conscious is not alert enough to interpret the imagery of the subconscious and therefore dreaming is rare in other stages of sleep. Dreams may be monitored using an electroencephalograph or EEG, which is a test that monitors brain wave activity and detects eye movement of a person in the REM stage of sleep. This stage is the most restorative part of sleep and is where the majority of dreaming occurs. Now there are many people who say they simply cannot remember their dreams. About half of the population wakes during non-REM sleep and this most likely explains why they are unable to remember their dreams. Now that I have set the scientific foundation for dreaming, I will discuss the actual nature of dreams. Dreams are studied with much curiosity because of the fact that they vary so far from conscious understanding. Most dreams consist of memories, and are in the form of interrupted scenes. The senses of touch, taste, smell and pain are not commonly experienced. Emotions are felt, but usually in the form of a single, basic emotion such as fear, anger, or joy. The images in a dream are bright and clear as if awake, but they are murky and plain in color. When it comes to characters, we usually play the leading role in our own dreams. Half of the characters are friends, acquaintances, or family members and the rest may be people you don’t recognize. Dreams are usually selfish or centered on oneself about 90% of the time. Dreams are more perceptual than conceptual which means things are seen and heard rather than thought† (Encarta 2000). Many of us have encountered situations in which external stimuli such as sound or movement are sensed and are incorporated into one’s dream. This is called Stimulus Incorporation. For example, an alarm clock going off in the morning and somebody shaking you to wake up could be taken as an earthquake with sirens going off in one’s dream. This is very common and usually occurs when the individual is waking from the REM stage. From a medical standpoint, dreams have been determined to be stimulated by an outburst of nerve-cell impulses from the brain stem. Some researchers suggest that the bizarre content of dreams is representative of the brain trying to rid itself of irrelevant, repetitious thoughts or associations during sleep so that it will be more open to new information during the waking state. The opposing view to this is that in dreams we reprocess information gathered during the day and by reviewing it in our dreams, it is being reinforced. REM sleep may therefore serve the important role of restoration and growth of memory. It has been scientifically proven that an individual deprived of REM sleep tends to become overly sensitive, have bad memory recall, and is less able to concentrate. Furthermore, dreams may also serve to repair one’s mood, usually by helping one solve an important problem or make a crucial decision by using this idea of reprocessing data. This is where we get the phrase, â€Å"well, just sleep on it†. Since during sleep there is a lack of sensory input to the brain from the rest of the body, the brain is not focused on our senses, such as sight or hearing. Thus, the brain can focus most of its attention on creative problem solving. Current research suggests that dreams reflect on problems that the individual experiences in life, and that the function of dreams is to â€Å"act out† the emotional problem. On a more practical level, there are those who simply believe that dreams are the clearing of unneeded fragments from our memory that have accumulated over the past few days. â€Å"Try to imagine your brain kicking around emotions, thoughts, ideas, actions, and interactions of the short-term memory while in the back of your mind the trends of your life and your thoughts still remain† (Crisp 152). All this data is a form of chaos, and your mind puts it all together in a form of visual screenplay creating what we know as, the dream† (Peters67). In a nutshell, the scientific approach is that dreams are nothing more than small amounts of information that are being scanned and sorted during REM sleep. Dreams can be categorized into at least seven types according to the information that I have rese arched. These include superconscious dreams, lucid dreams, nightmares, night terrors, sexual dreams, repetitive dreams, and plain subconscious dreams. Superconscious dreams are thought to give the dreamer the ability to see things that haven’t yet occurred. These dreams may act as warnings or messengers. They are prophetic in a way and this type of dream was frequently commented on in biblical times. The second class of dreams is lucid dreaming which is where the individual becomes aware that they are dreaming during the dream. People can teach themselves to recognize that they are dreaming and their awareness does not interfere with the dream’s natural flow. The next type of dream, which is very simple in nature but usually very meaningful, is the all too famous nightmare. Nightmares are very simple in nature but are usually spawned from suppressed negative emotion. The imagery is usually intense and fearful and interestingly enough, all nightmares end with awakening. This is easily understood since the nightmare is very emotionally overwhelming. Night terrors are the next type of dream and are similar to nightmares except they are extremely frightening and traumatic. Night terrors are most often experienced by young children however they are very occasional. Night terrors will cause a child to wake up crying or screaming in fright. The next two types of dreams can be literally understood by their names. The first is sexual dreams, and the second is repetitive dreams. Sexual dreams are believed to be the result of sexual tension or urges to engage in sexual intercourse by the dreamer. Repetitive dreams are dreams that occur more than once and convey a meaning of urgent but ignored emotions in ones life. Lastly, the plain subconscious dream is the dream that does not fall into any other dream category. Basically, it is the â€Å"average† dream. These are usually the hardest to interpret or understand because they can’t be categorized specifically. The metaphysical aspect of dreaming is the imagery in a dream and its relation to the subconscious. A person’s conscious mind is the mind they use when they are awake and aware of what is going on. The conscious is the part of the mind that can make decisions and distinctions between reality and desire. It has complete control over speaking, thinking and action around others. During dreaming, the mind travels from the conscious to the subconscious. Although dreams are strange in appearance they hold detailed meaning pertaining to one’s life. In the Hebrew Talmud, it is written ‘A dream not interpreted is like a letter to the self not read’† (Time-Life 23). Learning what dreams are trying to tell us by analyzing symbols and themes within them has now been come to known as dream interpretation. Understanding the structure and symbolism in dreams is crucial in the process of interpreting them. Dreams are full of what is called, â€Å"symbolic imageryâ⠂¬ . The key to interpreting your own dreams is to analyze and comprehend the basic themes and symbols within them while at the same time understanding the correlation between them and your life. I have concluded that a dream is made up of several elements all of which need to be carefully examined in order to more comprehensively interpret a dream. The first element of a dream is the overall theme. In order to clearly reveal the theme of a dream, one must take all the details away and look at it as a whole. Exclude names, places, faces, things and concentrate on the action of the dream. What is happening that is of key importance? Is there traveling, because traveling has been known to represent the moving on in the journey of one’s life? Is the theme death, because death often signifies one’s ego is having trouble dealing with a recent change in life? So in general, this method of removing details will point you in the right direction in terms of the interpretation of the dream. The second element of a dream is the dreamer himself. Understanding the dreamer is one of the most important aspects in accurately interpreting a dream. The dreamer is responsible for the images and actions that take place in the dream, because it is from the dreamer’s subconscious mind that the dream content is born. Dreams represent many different areas of the dreamer’s physical, emotional and mental being. Many times, current situations that bring distress or anxiety to the dreamer will be evident in the dream in many different forms, which are usually very symbolic in their appearance and meaning. Furthermore, many other factors such as childhood influences, general fears and phobias, or the basic personality of the dreamer may also play a role in the formation of a dream. Dreams have been said to be the â€Å"voice of our subconscious†. The subconscious is the home of â€Å"powerful primitive drives and forbidden wishes that constantly generate pressure on the conscious mind† (Hunt 185). â€Å"Within the subconscious lie different types of things such as suppressed emotions, creativity, and basic human instinct† (Ullman and Zimmerman 1979). It has been said that one will never see something in their dreams that they haven’t seen in real life. The question is then raised, â€Å"what do blind people see in dreams. † The subconscious mind communicates using other senses such as hearing, smell, or taste. Hellen Keller talked about â€Å"seeing† in her dreams much like she perceived things around her during her daily life. This shows that the subconscious will find a way to communicate to the conscious, even if the sense of sight is not present. The subconscious mind cannot speak directly to the conscious mind, but there is communication through symbolism, which is the third and final element of dreams. Pictures and symbols present in the environment of a dream are crucial in the interpretation of the entire dream. As I’ve said, they are the language of the subconscious. The colors in one’s dreams may be very informative when it comes to interpreting dreams. Clothing in dreams would best symbolize your mood or attitude. More specifically, parents might be disguised as thieves, images that derive from the early months of an infant’s life when parents would enter the room at night to check on them. The self may be portrayed as a prince or princess. And childhood may be illustrated in a dream when everybody else is enormous and the dreamer is small. Symbolism can be found in every scene of a dream, one just has to learn how to relate it to their lives. Take Joe for example. He dreamt that he was lying in bed crying. Suddenly water began to rise in his room and he tried calling 9-1-1 but nobody would answer. First, Joe woke up, thinking he was in the middle of a nightmare. Now Joe has two choices. He could forget about the dream and think of it as meaningless, or he could examine the symbolism present and determine what his dream is urgently trying to tell him. Joe decided to analyze his dream. Since he is in his own bed, it showed that he is comfortable in his life. Secondly, Joe needs to understand he was showing signs of regression by sitting and crying. Once he realizes that, he remembers he was reprimanded at work the day before. Then Joe examines the rising water and determines that it signifies the fact that he has been feeling overcome with uncontrollable emotions lately in his life. Lastly, he concludes the 9-1-1 call in which he could not get through was symbolizing a communication breakdown, and he quickly establishes the connection by realizing he has not been communicating very well with his wife and their relationship is suffering. Nothing in our dreams is made up, but rather is determined by our experiences and emotional needs. Also, one must remember that symbols do not have fixed meanings in dreams, but rather are meaningful in the context of what is happening in the dream and in the life of the individual. Joe’s dream is simply one example of interpreting a dream and learning to relate it to your life by analyzing and understanding the three basic elements of the dream: the symbols present, the major themes, and the dreamer themselves. One very favorable method of dream interpretation is Psychoanalytical sessions, in which the dreamer and a psychoanalyst meet to discuss the dreamer’s direct associations to everything in the dream. The psychoanalyst must have profound knowledge of the dreamer’s direct and indirect relationships with the content of the dream and, there must be a strong mutual trust between the two individuals. Finally, I would like to introduce the psychoanalytical view on dreaming through the well-known theories and ideas of Sigmund Freud. Freud devised the â€Å"wish-fulfillment theory†, which he believed was the root of all of our dreams. He believed that dreams carry hidden signs of suppressed needs as well as our deepest desires going back to our childhood. The wish-fulfillment theory is â€Å"Freud’s theory of dream interpretation that emphasizes the roles of manifest and latent content of dreams† (Hunt 196). Let me clarify these psychoanalytic terms to make his theory more understandable. Manifest content is what the dreamer consciously understands from his dream. It is the basic dream told by the dreamer, exactly how he/she experienced it. The Latent content is the dream’s hidden meaning, which originates in the unconscious. It is what the interpretation reveals about the dream that was not known at first. The latent content brings fourth the problem or conflict which brought about the dream in the first place. To interpret a dream one must first look at the manifest content to get to the latent content. Many people would bring up the important question of â€Å"how can a terrifying nightmare possibly be fulfilling a wish? † Freud simply responded by explaining that we must be able to distinguish between the manifest and latent content of the dream. He said that a dream disguises it’s latent content because it is often immoral or has to do with a person’s instinctual aggressive or sexual nature. Freud said the idea of the latent content being disguised as manifest content is merely a form of censorship. Conclusively, dreams are â€Å"conscious hallucinations of a sleeping individual which result from unconscious disguising of repressed traumatic conflicts† (Freud). Freud furthermore believed that in order for these â€Å"repressed traumatic conflicts† to transform into dreams, the individual who experiences them must unconsciously feel incapable of resolving them. In addition, he said that a dream was not only spawned from ongoing wishes deep in our subconscious, but also from the previous day’s activities. Freud said that during sleep, there are â€Å"residues† in the conscious of the previous day’s thoughts and feelings that were too trivial to be dealt with then. The mind preserves memory traces of everything it records and therefore remains burdened with these impressions. â€Å"Trains of thought, interrupted, undeveloped, or unsolved during the day are intertwined with material that has been repressed from the conscience† (Freud 593). Freud believed that when we sleep, we move from the conscious to the unconscious. In the unconscious mind, a person’s ability to repress dreams is diminished and they cannot distinguish between reality and fantasy, therefore an individual takes dreams to be truly happening as they experience them. Freud once said â€Å"Dreams are fancied dramatizations of disguised unconscious traumatic conflicts which the sleeping individual considers as happenings in the outside world since he cannot reject them. † He believed â€Å"the interpretation of dreams is the royal road to the unconscious† (Freud). Freud believed all dreams served a very important purpose. He held that dreams were a defense mechanism, with which one may express their aggravation or frustration preventing it from causing stress and tension in our daily lives. However, he believed the foremost reason for dreaming was to allow our subconscious mind to indirectly speak to us in order to gain knowledge about ourselves and to improve our lives overall. A dream, transient and ephemeral in nature, can easily be taken as nothing more than wild, imaginative thoughts and feelings the purpose of which can be controversially disputed for eternity. A dream is a fantastical voyage in our sleep, an unpredictable guided journey through the self, which teaches us about ourselves, helps us discover different aspects of our social and moral character, and makes us truly aware of our very own human instincts. Dreams awaken the past and offer us an escape from the present. Through dreams, our emotional, physical and social dilemmas may be much more clearly understood and conquered. Dreams contain our hopes, fears, and wishes through which careful interpretation may reveal even the most hidden parts of one’s subconscious. Trying to understand the subconscious mind is a very difficult task. Without concrete methods of studying it, dreams may be one of the only ways to approach it. One should not take for granted the vast possibilities of self-discovery present in dreams but instead employ them to their advantage and grow stronger as an individual. As Carl Jung, a notable philosopher and dream theorist once said, â€Å"it is good to learn the theories on dreaming, but remember what dreams are†¦a living soul†.

The Reign of Vlad Tepes

Table of Contents Introduction The Brutality of Vlad the Impaler The Result of His Actions Conclusion Reference Introduction Vlad Tepes (the Impaler) is a well know historical figure credited with brutally murdering well over 100,000 people by slowly impaling them in stakes stuck in ground. He is the basis for the blood thirsty legend of Count Dracula and as such this detail is indicative of the horrors he instituted during his 45 year reign (1431 – 1476) as ruler of Wallachia (located in the Balkans, present day Romania) (Florescu, 1977). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Reign of Vlad Tepes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some consider him a monster while others think of him as a ruler that helped to stabilize a chaotic succession system rife with assassination, rebellion and brutal murder. It must also be noted that it was a direct result of Vlad the III’s brutal actions that invading Tur kish forces were so horrified at the sight of thousands of impaled corpses that they often turned back due to fright, horror and disgust (Florescu, 1977). Not only that, during the reign of Vlad the III there was a certain degree of internal stability within the country, unheard of at the time, due to his brutal murder of thousands of boyars (noblemen/ feudal lords) who were actually largely responsible for the hundreds of years of internal instability within the country due to their constant infighting and backstabbing. In a way it can be said that there was a method to his brutal madness since in the end if invading Turkish armies had not invaded Wallachia en masse then it would have been likely that the country could have experienced a prolonged degree of internal stability free from infighting and rebellion. The Brutality of Vlad the Impaler Any paper concerning Vlad the III would be incomplete without a thorough account of his various brutal and sadistic actions that have the earned him infamy throughout history and the modern world. The most proliferate of his brutal actions was the impaling of live victims upon stakes, this was done by tying the victims feet to the back of a horse while a semi blunt stake with the top slightly oiled was placed either on the victims anus of on his/her back until it slowly immerged through the person’s ass out their mouth or through back, piercing the heart and coming out through the front of the chest (Florescu, 1977). No one was exempt from such atrocities; men, women and children were also recorded as having been impaled with pregnant women not escaping his barbaric method of killing with their unborn fetus often sticking to the top of the spear. While there are no official records as to the exact number of victims brutally murdered in such a fashion it is estimated that roughly 100,000 or more will killed through impalement. Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! G et your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other attrocities committed by Vlad Tepes are rife with accounts of dismemberment, skinning (removing the skin of a person while there were still alive), burning people alive, scalping as well as varied methods of regular torture (i.e. whipping, nailing hats to their heads and other similar accounts) (Florescu, 1977). It must also be noted that women during the reign of Vlad Tepes were expected to either be virginal before marriage, faithful and if a widow, chaste until her dying day. When some women didn’t comply to this standard their breasts were chopped off, their genitals mutilated or removed and in some particularly horrifying instances the tip of a spear was heated till it was red hot and the woman was impaled through her genitals till the spear poked out through her mouth. Vlad Tepes also showed no mercy to captured Turkish prisoners systematically impaling 20,000 captured Turkish prisoners outside the city of Tirg oviste in 1461 (Florescu, 1977). The Result of His Actions It is rather interesting to note that despite the utter brutality of his actions Vlad the III was actually largely successful in implementing internal stability within Wallachia. With the systematic mass murder of the boyar feudal class Vlad was able to install his own loyal followers into positions of power further cementing his rule within the country. Not only that his actions of impaling thousands of people and placing them out for display acted as an effective psychological deterrent towards any invading force and actually resulted in a several years of â€Å"peace† within Wallachia (Florescu, 1977). Furthermore his strict policies involving fidelity, honesty and the need to be hard working helped to create a society free from petty crime and actually ushered in a period of high productivity due to the local peasantry often fearing for their lives should they attempt to do any action that could be construed as â€Å"unproductive† or â€Å"dishonest†. While Vlad cannot truly be considered a hero due to his barbaric and atrocious actions he can be considered a smart and intelligent ruler that utilized barbarism and psychological warfare as efficient tools in ensuring the he was not usurped from his throne. In fact it can even be assumed that his actions of sheer brutality were actually a calculated farce in order for him to remain in power through the power of fear alone (Florescu, 1977).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Reign of Vlad Tepes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Based on this paper it can be seen that Vlad Tepes was a monster, a brutal dictator and a ruler responsible for thousands of people dying in the most brutal ways possible. On the other hand he has left a mark on history as being one of its most remembered and infamous figures and as such his actions can actually be looked up upon as being impressive sine to this day he has been immortalized as the face of evil. Reference Florescu, R. R. (1977). American Historical Review, 82(5), 1286. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. This essay on The Reign of Vlad Tepes was written and submitted by user Mallory Oneil to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog Choose Your Own AdventureHamlet!

Choose Your Own AdventureHamlet! If you are at all a fan of comics, or have a child who is, you have likely heard of Ryan North, writer of the hilarious comic book series,  Adventure Time  ,  the wildly popular  Dinosaur Comics   and perhaps even the #1 best-selling Amazon short story anthology  Machine of Death  .   North had an idea for a new project, a take-off on the beloved childrens series  Choose Your Own Adventure,  wherein the reader can select different paths for different characters. Each path leads to a radically different ending for the character and for the story. Why not apply the same idea to the Bard?   North mused. He took his idea to Kickstarter, a crowd-sourcing site which funds creative projects. North made his goal of raising $20,000 in three and a half hours, made six times his goal in a   week, and now the project has accrued $580,905. Heres an idea of what you can do with Norths adventurous  Hamlet (from The Guardian):   Readers will be able to opt   to Hamlet  (an emo teen in his early 30s), Ophelia (Shes got a +1 science stat, but shes also got a -1 weakness against water) or the King, Hamlets father, who (SURPRISE) dies on the first page and becomes a ghost. And then we make fun of you for dying on the first page, but you can become a ghost and must INVESTIGATE YOUR OWN MURDER that you TOTALLY SLEPT THROUGH because you got SLEEPY IN AN ORCHARD. (Shakespeare wrote this part,  said North.) So what are you waiting for?

Bereavement Support Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bereavement Support Group - Essay Example I have a husband and 2 other children (ages 8 & 6). Im shocked, I feel sad, lonely, and isolated, especially being away from my country and my family. Im struggling in my studies and also being forced to continue to deal with everyday life once again as if nothing had happened. Through my exploration, research and groups I am able to present what I have found among those dealing with the grief process and support groups. Support groups commonly were found to share certain traits and built on certain underlying principles and theories while also allowing freedom to stray from those boundaries set by society and prior studies as to what is expected and what the actuality of the situation is. Backgrounds among those who participated in one group study included nursing, social work, counseling, pastoral care, and genetics (Supiano, & Vaughn-Cole, 2011). Foundation of trust is key to any support group; establishing & maintaining trust is directly related to the leader & the leader’s style, ability to communicate and also their sensitivity to each within the group and where they are in the healing process. Group facilitators are educated in numerous ways and come from many professions. They must be able to utilize open ended question to draw out members to share. Previous experience with death, grief, bereavement, and loss are important. Many group leaders have themselves experienced grief and loss. Health care setting students who participated in and organized a group were comprised of 80% who had person prior direct experience with grief and loss. Chronic sorrow can result when there are no coping mechanisms learned, it is persuasive, misunderstood and usually a continuing and resurgent grief. Though it more often related to a long term illness or dementia there is also persistent cases in those who have found no closure. Chronic sorrow is instigated by trauma and events such as the loss of a child and bereavement are very traumatic experiences (Roos,

Earned Value Management in Multi-Projects and Programmes Essay

Earned Value Management in Multi-Projects and Programmes - Essay Example The paper will analyse earned value management by discussing three major objectives. The first will be describing the most important factors that should be considered when monitoring and controlling programs and multi-projects. The other will be to explain the advantages of implementing Earned value management for these programs and multi-projects. Finally yet importantly will be to establish the significance of earned value management data accuracy. There are five major factors that are considered by an earned value management technique. The first is organisation: It involves creating a work breakdown structure (WBS). The WBS is supposed to detail down all activities, to describe the task to be carried out, and the relationship it has to the products that can be delivered (Humphreys & Visitacion, 2009). In organisation, there is also the OBS, which refers to the organization breakdown structure. It is responsible for identifying the person in charge of the work effort described by the WBS. Both the WBS and the OBS define a control account. It means that at this level is where the key management control point is found. Planning, budgeting, and scheduling makes up the second group that an earned value management considers. An integrated schedule is what creates the contractors map to meet their objectives in a program of multi-project they are responsible for (Humphreys & Visitacion, 2009). The schedule has to be loaded with resources so that it can determine an effective budget as scheduled. The total budget created for every task, control account, or the whole project is known as the budget at complete (BAC). Management reserve (MR) is a backup of the total project amount that is incorporated to take care of the uncertainties that may occur, such as risks. Work should only begin when a formal work authorization has been offered. The disciplined approach clearly defines

Using the plays of Aristophanes Essay Example for Free

Using the plays of Aristophanes Essay Using the plays of Aristophanes (Lysistrata), Sophocles (Oedipus) and Euripides (Medea), we are able to discuss some major themes and concerns present in Greek Drama, such as women, fate, and other underlying themes. One of the most prominent, and perhaps the most controversial themes present in Greek Drama is the position of women in Greek Society. These three writers have different opinions of women, and this is reflected in their plays. Euripides, in Medea, presents a view of women as sex-crazed creatures. This is emphasised by Jason (569-72), when he says: you women/ Have reached a state where, if alls well with your sex-life,/ Youve everything you wish for; but when that goes wrong,/ At once all that is best and noblest turns to gall. Women in Lysistrata add to this view when they exclaim: Ill walk through fire, or anything but to give up sex, never! (166). Furthermore, women are portrayed as inherently dishonest. This is expressed when Medea tells the Chorus: We were born women useless for honest purposes, / But in all kinds of evil, skilled practitioners (407). Women are also presented as emotional rather than rational in their responses to situations. For all the Chorus protests about Medea killing her children, when they actually heard her murdering them, lamented: the miserable mother , cursed, miserable woman (1278), but are so effectively overcome with their emotions that they do not stop her, as perhaps men would have. This attitude towards women is complemented in Oedipus, when Jocasta, instead of waiting to learn the truth, murders herself at her assumption. Another major concern in Greek Drama is the idea about gods and fate. In Medea, there is little intervention of the gods, let alone fate. Medea makes the decision and is responsible for the tragic end which befalls the characters. In contrast, Sophocles Oedipus, present us with a completely different outlook. In the play, almost every aspect is seen to be controlled, in order for the prophecy to be completed. For example, in the play, Oedipus is rescued by a messenger that same messenger who happens to deliver the news that Oedipuss father is dead. Of countless people, it was the same person. Furthermore, Oedipus kills his father, protected by five men, on a lonely road. Is it not ironic, or least unlucky, the Oedipus happened to travel on the same road, and meet, out of all the people, his father who he does not even realise is his father and kills him? Oedipus then arrives at Thebes, his birth place, and solves a riddle which no person has yet been able to solve; he becomes king and marries his mother. Coincidence surely not. Certainly, these examples prove that fate was an all important factor in Greek drama that once a decision has been fated, it can never be changed. Greek Drama, particularly tragedy, also carries a prominent underlying theme Passion over Reason. In Euripides play, Medea is driven by an overwhelming passion to have her revenge that she does not stop to think what she is actually doing. This idea is exaggerated in Oedipus when he blindly pursues his identity, in defiance of warnings from numerous sources including Teiresias, Jocasta and the shepherd. Eventually, this passion over reason leads to his downfall. The theme is also carried through in Lysistrata, although not to such a prominent extent. In the play, the men are at war because they have refused methods of reasoning, and let their passions take control. However, in the play this idea can also be taken in a different sense. The men can be seen to succumb to their sexual passions, and refuse the reasons of going to war. In conclusion, we can see that the plays of these legendary writers reflect some major themes and concerns of Greek Drama. Concerns such as the position of women, the outlook on the gods and underlying themes are all major issues present in the plays.